tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29889943535345447772023-11-15T06:43:04.477-08:00makalah and paperrespect with otherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13087996422538664782noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2988994353534544777.post-46448685741773319582010-02-17T18:51:00.001-08:002010-02-17T18:53:14.375-08:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;">A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY ON CODE MIXING USED<br /> ON SMS ON MOBILE PHONE<br /><br /></div>Field: Linguistic (Sociolinguistic)<br /><br /> A. Background of The Study<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Language is a system of communication learned and used by human being in<br />human life when they are speaking and writing. We used language to express our<br />purpose in order to that the other people can understand with our speaking. The nature<br />of language is the system of sounds and words by human to express their thought and<br />feeling (Oxford, 1995:662)<br /> Based on the explanation above, it means that the language has an important role<br />in our life. Without language, the communication will never be understandable to the<br />addressee or in the society. Furthermore, language is indispensable as a main device of<br />human communication.<br /> The study of internal structure of language is called linguistics. Etymologically,<br />it is study of original word. Afterward linguistics cooperate other sciences; one of them<br />is sociology and it is known as sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of ways<br />people use in social interaction. When ones speak to other, ones mix two or more<br />language in one of occasion, and it is called code mixing.<br /> Hornby (1987:170) put forwards communication is means of communicating;<br />roads, railways, telephone or telegraph lines connecting places, radio, and television.<br />Communication is also meant as the act of transmitting information, ideas, and attitudes<br /> 2<br />from one person to another. This is mass communication, ideas, and attitudes to s<br />sizeable and diversified audience through the use of the media developed for that<br />purpose. In the communication there are four aspects of communication process,<br />namely: the communicator, the massage, the channel, and the audience.<br /> In this time, the communication by writing is preferred by many people to other<br />such as: magazine, massage or short massage, diary, novel, poem, etc. Now, since the<br />hand phone is familiar in the society, ones ca n communicate easily to express her<br />wants, feeling, ideas, and etc. Ones just make short massage on the hand phone, and it<br />can be sent directly. As everybody know hand phone is one of communication tool in<br />our life.<br /> A mobile phone or hand phone (also known as a wireless phone or cell phone) is<br />a short range, electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a<br />network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. In addition to the standard voice<br />function of a mobile phone, telephone, current mobile phones may support many<br />additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for a t ext massaging, email, packet<br />switching for access to internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder<br />and MMS for sending and receiving photos and videos. But in this paper the writer just<br />explains about short message service.<br /> In the short message, sometimes ones use two or more language just like<br />Indonesian, Javanese, Arabic, English, Sudanese, Bataknese, Sumatranese, and etc. This<br />thing called by code mixing. But, for this paper just focuses on IndonesianEnglish code<br />mixing in short message on mobile phone.<br /> 3<br /></div> B. Identification of the Problem<br /> Based on the problems which are described in the background of study for choosing<br />and limitation from writer, the problem from this research is limited in sociolinguistic<br />study on code mixing used on mobile phone. Code mixing conducted by them is in<br />various forms, such as: words, phrases, and sentences.<br /> C. Limitations of the Problem<br /> There are some problems which make the writer confused to understand. The SMS<br />often mixes one language with another and sometimes the sentences is ungrammatical,<br />also code mixing conducted in this title in various forms, such as: words, phrases, and<br />sentences. The writer focuses on the certain language involving sociolinguistic study on<br />cone mixing used on mobile phone.<br /> D. Formulation of the Study<br /> In this study, the writer will discuss the matters as follows:<br /> 1. What is sociolinguistic?<br /> 2. What is code mixing?<br /> 3. How is the code mixing on mobile phone?<br /> E. Objective of the study<br /> Based on the formulation of the study above, the writer points out these following<br />objectives of the study:<br /> 1. To know the definition of sociolinguistic<br /> 2. To know the definition of code mixing<br /> 4<br /> 3. To know the code mixing on mobile phone<br />F. Significance of the Study<br /> The problem of analysis of the meaning has got attention because the human could<br />think intellectually. For the writer, this discussion of the meaning is very interesting to<br />improve and to express the meaning is main thing in communication. In generally, one<br />of the benefits learns code mixing used on SMS on mobile phone.<br />G. Theoretical Framework<br /> 1. Sociolinguistic<br /> Sociolinguistic is branch of linguistics that studies about language and society.<br />Chaika (1982:2) state that sociolinguistics is study of the ways people use language in a<br />social interaction.<br /> Sociolinguistics will be concerned with investigating the relationship between<br />language and society with the goal of the better understanding of the structure of<br />language and how language function in communication (Wardaugh, 1986:12).<br />Sociolinguistics is also concerned with relationship between language and the context in<br />which it is used (Holmet, 2001:1).<br /> Nababan (1983:3) divides sociolinguistic in three parts that are:<br /> a. Discuss language in social and structural context<br /> b. Connect the language factors, features language variety with the situation and<br /> cultural context.<br /> c. Discuss the social functions and use of language in society.<br /> 5<br /> Sociolinguistics is partly empirical and partly theoretical partly a matter of going out<br />and amassing bodies of fact and partly of sitting back and thinking, Hudson (1996:1)<br /> Nababan (1984:2) states that sociolinguistics is the study or discussion of language<br />related to the language user as a member of society.<br /> Sociolinguistic is a science, which studies the characteristics and various languages,<br />and the relation between language and the various language functions in a speech<br />society (Kridalaksono, 1978: 78).<br /> 2. Code Mixing<br /> Code mixing is a mix of code that occurs when conversant uses both languages<br />together to the extent they change from one language to other in the course of single<br />utterance (Wardaugh, 1992:106).<br /> According to Suwito (1982:42), in code mixing, we can see the borrowing elements<br />of sentence from one language to other language. The writer uses two language or more<br />language to state their thought, instruction, message, and experiment in order to that<br />readers can receive what the writer has expresses.<br />This problem is caused by the situation that demands language mixing and the habit of<br />the speaker that becomes the background of code mixing.<br /> Wardaugh (1986:104) says that conversational code mixing is not just a haphazard<br />mixing of two languages brought about laziness or ignorance or some combination of<br />these. Code mixing also has some functions such as to show mother tongue, to be used<br />in particular term. It is influenced by some factors. Marjohan (1988:10) says that the<br />factors of code mixing are education, politics, economic, law, and technology.<br /> 6<br /> 3. Code Mixing in Mobile Phone<br /> Wardhaugh (1986:9) claims that the term code is used to refer to any kind of system<br />that two or more people employ for communication (it can actually be used for a system<br />used by a single person, when someone devises a private code to protect certain secrets),<br />in this case, code mixing refers to language used for communication.<br /> Code mixing is a mix of code that occurs when conversant use two language<br />together that changes from one language to the others in the course of a single utterance<br />(Wardhaugh, 1992:106). If one mixes two languages in one sentence by inserting other<br />elements of language, it means that he uses code mixing. The using of code mixing is to<br />show up in each kind or each variation of language to make it more interesting.<br /> The phenomena of code mixing are also used by short message maker who has high<br />education background in her life. This kind of code mixing is used in order to make a<br />close relationship between the short message maker and her friend. These are some<br />examples used by short message maker when he/she sends a message to friend:<br /> a. “Sorry kemerin aq dh tidur”<br /> b. “Jangan lupa bsk saya tunggu di TU. Nice night!”<br /> c. “Her, absenin ya!! Ak mu go home dl. Thanks”<br /> 4. The Form of Code Mixing in Mobile Phone<br /> The code mixing conducted by short message maker takes place in three forms,<br />namely: words, phrases, and sentence.<br /> a. Code Mixing in Words<br /> 7<br /> The words include noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. A noun is used to<br />name or identity any of a class of thing, people, place or ideas. An adjective is used to<br />state the function and characteristic of person or something and a verb used to state in<br />action. For Example: “hay lg ngp?, btw Yuli jd operator warnet ya?”<br /> b. Code Mixing in Phrases<br /> Phrase form is a group of words without finite verb, especially when they<br />used to form part of a sentence (Longman, 1987: 771).<br />For example: “Dead line pendaftaran kapan”<br />Here are some examples of phrase used in code mixing in this study.<br /> 1) Noun Phrase<br /> Noun phrase is a phrase whose function in a sentence is equivalent to<br /> that of a noun (Hornby, 195:791).<br /> For Example: “seminarnya full doorprize gk?”<br /> 2) Adjective Phrase<br /> Adjective phrase is a phrase whose function in a sentence is<br /> equivalent to that of adjective (Mas’ud, 1987: 188)<br /> For Example: “Ujuanya so easy bwtku”<br /> c. Code Mixing in Sentence<br /> An oral or written communication is made up of one or more unit, each<br />of which contains a complete utterance formed according to a definite pattern. Such<br />units are called sentences. A sentence may consist of one or more words. Examples of<br />one word sentence are such exclamations are Thanks!, good!, what!, fire!, etc. The<br />sentence codes mixing in this study are in the following form:<br /> 8<br />1) Declarative<br /> Frank (1972: 220) says that in declarative, the subject and predicate<br /> have normal word order. The sentence ends with period in writing and drop<br /> in pitch in speech.<br /> For Example: “ I want to sleep now. Capek garagara td pgi”<br />2) Interrogative<br /> Interrogative includes yes/no question, WH question, and subject<br /> question (Mas’ud, 1987: 9).<br /> For Example: “Yan, baju yang kamu pilih ap? Green or blue”<br />3) Imperative<br /> Imperative sentence usually contain the imperative of a verb. A<br /> jesperson (Essentials of English Grammar, p 294) observes, “the imperative<br /> is used in request which according to circumstances may range from brusque<br /> commands to humble entreaties, the tone generally serving as key to the<br /> exact meaning.”<br /> For Example: “ Hurry up!! Aku mu pke motornya”<br />5. The Probable Reason the Short Message Maker Mix the Language<br />a. Prestige Reason<br /> Prestige is one of reasons of usage of code mixing. Many people apply<br />code mixing to boost up their prestige.<br /> 9<br /> Code mixing conducted by the short message maker may give some impression that<br /> the short message maker comes from a prestigious class. At least it will give an<br /> impression that the short message maker knows a foreign language.<br /> For example: “Aku sekarng lagi hunting buku di Perpus”<br /> b. No exact word s or term in Indonesia<br /> Because the technology development as recently. There are so many terms<br /> in English that cannot be found their meaning in Indonesia, like Remote Control,<br /> Hand phone, Outbound, Cream Bath etc. The short message maker uses those terms<br /> in SMS act, because there is no suitable term or word in Indonesia.<br /> c. Emotional appeal<br /> Sometime the short message maker wants to express the emotional when<br /> he/she make short message. He/she insert other language to express his/her<br /> emotional. For example: “Rudi, please give my book right now oke!”<br />H. Research Method<br />1. Research Design<br /> Research design is research plan to be implemented in answering the research<br />problem formulated (Young, 1999:35). There are two research designs. They are<br />qualitative research and quantitative research. Moleong (1989:3) state that qualitative<br />research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or<br />spoken language and observable behaviour. The characteristics of descriptive data are<br />non numeric, in the form manuscript, interview, note, field, photo, tape, video, private,<br />document, etc. Bogdan and Bicklen (1982: 152) also mention that qualitative research<br /> 10<br />has natural setting as the direct source of data and the researcher is the key of the<br />instrument. Descriptive research concerns with the process rather than simply outcome<br />or products. It tends to analyze the data inductively, and “meaning” is essential concerns<br />in the qualitative approach. The aim of descriptive research is to describe condition and<br />phenomenon status (Arikonto, 1998:245). In a quantitative research or interest is in the<br />normative acquisition behaviours of population qualification representing a reality for<br />that group (Selinger and Shohamy, 1989:115).<br /> The writer uses qualitative method for the research. The reason for choosing this<br />method is that the data observed in the form of words. The researcher does not involve<br />number use statistical procedure. Meleong (2007:6) says that descriptive method is a<br />method that has a purpose to make a description, a systematic illustration, factual and<br />accurate of data, characteristic and the relationship of phenomena which are researched.<br />Thus, the writer uses the description qualitative method to describe or explain a<br />sociolinguistic study on code mixing used on mobile phone. On the other hand, Best<br />through Susilo (2005) says that to describe research is a research method which tries to<br />describe and interpret the object by using percentage. In the research, the writer does not<br />use statistical procedure in collecting the result by using percentage as he additional<br />description.<br />2. Research Object and Source of Data<br /> Research object is anything that becomes the attention to a research (Arikunto,<br />1992:91). The data source is taken from friend’s short message (SMS)<br /> 11<br />3. Data Source<br /> Arikunto (2006:139) says that data source is the subject from which data are<br />obtained. Meanwhile Meleong says that the data source in the qualitative research is<br />words and action which are examined or interview. In this study, the data are from some<br />of message created by the writer’s friends.<br />4. Technique for Collecting the Data<br /> Sudaryanto (1992:3335) state there are some techniques of collecting data<br />namely: recording technique (using recording instrument), noting technique (using card,<br />book, note and another documents) to analyze the data, separating technique (separating<br />similarities and differences of the distribution), transfering technique (transfering data to<br />the other data) to a book and the last is changing technique ( changing the data which<br />are not necessary to understand).<br /> Meanwhile, Arikunto (2006:222) says that collecting data is a conscious attempt<br />to gathering the data which done systematically, with the standard procedure. There are<br />many kinds of instrument to be used in the research, such as test, questionnaire,<br />interview, observation, raising scale, and documentation.<br /> Based on the technique and method collecting data by Arikunto, the researcher<br />use two techniques, namely interview and documentation. The researcher does interview<br />to some friends. The researcher also does documentation technique.<br />The steps of collecting data are described below:<br /> a. Visiting the library<br /> 12<br /> The researcher visits the library and look for the books as the data were used in<br /> this research. They have relationship with linguistic theory, sociolinguistic teory,<br /> and other books support this research.<br /> b. Reading source<br /> The research reads some source and selecting books that become sources of the<br /> research.<br /> c. Making notes<br /> After getting the data, the researcher write down the data needed to complete or<br /> support the researcher’s statements related to the topic.<br /> d. Categorizing data<br /> After the researcher do the steps above, the important thing that the researcher<br /> do is categorizing the data into appropriate part.<br />5. Technique Analyzing<br /> The researcher use descriptive analysis. There are some techniques analyses<br />(Bugin, 2005:84100). They are content analysis (using objectivity, systematic approach,<br />and generalization), domain analysis (analysis object in general), taxonomic analysis<br />(using non contrast approach among the elements), componential analysis (using<br />contrast approach among the elements), discovering cultural themes analysis (collecting<br />themes, cultural focus and value) and contrast comparative analysis (comparing event in<br />each category, matching category with is characteristic and limits the theory which is<br />used)<br /> 13<br /> The researcher wants to describe the code mixing, especially code mixing on<br />mobile phone. The research just analyzes code mixing on mobile phone, not in other<br />sources.<br />In doing the analysis, the writer goes through the procedure as follows:<br /> a. The researcher learns the code mixing.<br /> b. The researcher analysis the code mixing on mobile phone.<br />I. Bibliography<br />Arikunto, S. 1992. Prosedur Penelitian Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: PT. Rineke Cipta<br />Badgan, Robert, & Bicklen, Sari Knopp. 1982. Qualitative Resaerch for Education;<br /> Introduction to Theory and Method. Massachucetts: Allyn & Baicon inc.<br />Bugin, Burhan. 2005. Metode Linguistik. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press<br />Chaika, Elerne. 1982. Language the Social Miror. Tokyo: Newbury House.<br />Holmet, Janet. 2001. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University<br /> Perss.<br />Hornby,a.s. 1974. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary of Correct English.<br /> Oxford:Oxford Unuversity<br />Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 1978. Fungsi Bahasa dan Sikap Bahasa. Flores: Nusa Indah.<br />Meleong, Lexy.J. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja<br /> Rosdakarya.<br />Nababan, P.W.J. 1986. Sociolingustics Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.<br />Shohamy, Elana. 1989. Second Language Research Method. Oxford University Press<br />Sudaryanto. 1992. Metode Linguistik.Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University Press<br />Susilo, Muhamad Joko. 2005. Design Eksperiment dan Pengolahan Data Penelitian.<br /> Yogyakarta: LP2I Yogyakarta.<br /> 14<br />Wardaugh, Ronald. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Brasil<br /> Blackwell.<br />A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY ON CODE MIXING USED<br /> ON SMS ON MOBILE PHONE<br /> A Thesis Proposal<br /> Submitted as Partial Fulfilment<br /> of Linguistic Research Method Subject<br /> 15<br /> Proposed by:<br /> Ranis Marhatin<br /> 08304483 / D<br /> ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM<br />FACULTY OF TEACHER TRANING AND EDUCATION<br /> AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY<br /> 2009<br />16</div>respect with otherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13087996422538664782noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2988994353534544777.post-37443654303305058382010-02-17T18:47:00.001-08:002010-02-17T18:47:48.980-08:00mxhs<span style="font-weight: bold;">jhcklhfsdnsdivhnsdivskl</span><br /><span style="font-size:130%;"><b></b></span>respect with otherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13087996422538664782noreply@blogger.com0